Study on the relationship between severe knee osteoarthritis and bone marrow edema / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the relationship between bone marrow edema and pathological changes, symptoms and signs of severe knee osteoarthritis.@*METHODS@#From January 2020 to March 2021, 160 patients with severe knee osteoarthritis who underwrent MRI of the knee at the Department of Bone and Joint, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences were included. Eighty patients with bone marrow edema were selected as the case group, including 12 males and 68 females, aged from 51 to 80 years old with an average of (66.58±8.10) years old, the duration of disease 5 to 40 months with an average of (15.61±9.25) months. Eighty patients without bone marrow edema were selected as the control group, including 15 males and 65 females, aged from 50 to 80 years old with an average of (67.82±8.05) years old, the duration of disease 6 to 37 months with an average of (15.75±8.18) months, BMI was (28.26±3.13) kg·m-2 ranged from 21.39 to 34.46 kg·m-2. The degree of bone marrow edema was evaluated by knee whole oragan magnetic resonance imaging score (WORMS). The degree of knee osteoarthritis was evaluated by Kellgren- Lawrence(K-L) grade and Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). The degree of joint pain was evaluated by visual analogue scale(VAS) and WOMAC pain score, the joint signs were evaluated by tenderness, percussion pain, joint swelling and joint range of motion. To explore the relationship between bone marrow edema and knee osteoarthritis, the prevalence of bone marrow edema and K-L grade were compared between the two groups. Furthermore the WORMS score and WOMAC index, pain-related score, and sign-related score correlation coefficient were analyzed to further explore the relationship between bone marrow edema and knee osteoarthritis index, joint pain symptoms and signs.@*RESULTS@#There was 68.75% (55/80) of the patients in the case group were in K-L grade Ⅳ, and 52.5% (42/80) in the control group, indicating a higher proportion of patients with grade Ⅳ in the case group than the control group (χ2=4.425, P<0.05). In the case group, there was a strong correlation between bone marrow edema WORMS score and knee osteoarthritis WOMAC index. (r=0.873>0.8, P<0.001), a moderate correlation between WORMS score and VAS score and WOMAC pain score(r=0.752, 0.650>0.5, P<0.001), a moderate correlation between WORMS score and percussion pain score (r=0.784>0.5, P<0.001), and a weak correlation between WORMS score and VAS and tenderness score, joint swelling score and joint range of motion score (r=0.194, 0.259, 0.296<0.3, P<0.001).@*CONCLUSION@#Our study suggests that severe knee osteoarthritis is associated with an increased risk of bone marrow edema. Bone marrow edema can also lead to knee osteoarthritis joint pain, with percussion pain being a positive sign, but tenderness, joint swelling and limitation of activity are not significantly related to bone marrow edema.

Study on correlation between bone marrow edema and osteoporosis in patients with severe knee osteoarthritis / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To explore relationship between bone marrow edema(BME) and osteoporosis in patients with severe knee osteoarthritis.@*METHODS@#Unmatched case-control study was conducted. Totally 160 patients with severe knee osteoarthritis who had undergone knee magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and bone mineral density examination (BMD) from January 2020 to March 2021 were included. Eighty patients complicated with BME were included in BME group, and 80 patients without BME were selected as NBME group. In BME group, there were 12 males and 68 females, aged from 51 to 80 years old with an average of(66.58±8.10) years old;the courses of disease ranged from 5 to 40 months with an average of (15.61±9.25) months;body mass index(BMI) ranged from 21.81 to 34.70 with an average of (27.79±3.00) kg·m-2;25 patients classified to grade Ⅲ and 55 patients grade Ⅳ according to Kellgren- Lawrence(K-L). In NBME group, there were 15 males and 65 females, aged from 50 to 80 years old with an average of(67.82±8.05) years old;the course of disease ranged from 6 to 37 months with an average of(15.75±8.18) months;BMI ranged from 21.39 to 34.46 with an average of (28.26±3.13) kg·m-2;25 patients were K-L Ⅲ and 55 patients with K-L Ⅳ. The degree of bone marrow edema was evaluated by knee whole oragan magnetic resonance imaging score(WORMS). Osteoporosis was diagnosed and BMD was evaluated by DXA T value. To explore the relationship between bone marrow edema and osteoporosis by comparing prevalence rate of osteoporosis between two groups, and to further explore relationship between BME and BMD by Spearman correlation analysis of BME WORMS score and DXA T value in BME group.@*RESULTS@#The complete case data were obtained on the first diagnosis, and there was no significant difference in sex, age, courses of disease and BMI between two groups (P>0.05). The proportion of K-L Ⅳ in BME group was significantly higher than that in NBME (P<0.05). The prevalence rate of osteoporosis in BME group was significantly higher than in NBME group with the same K-L grade (P<0.001), and there was a strong negative correlation between BME WORMS score and DXA BMD T value (r=-0.812, |r|=0.812 >0.8, P<0.001).@*CONCLUSION@#Osteoporosis is one of the risk factors of bone marrow edema in patients with severe knee osteoarthritis, and the lower the bone mineral density is, the easier it is to be complicated with bone marrow edema.

Monoartritis del codo e infarto óseo como presentación inicial de enfermedad linfoproliferativa / Elbow monoarthritis and bone infarction as a form of presentation of B cell lymphoma: case report

We report a 68-year-old woman presenting with pain and swelling in her left elbow. An elbow magnetic resonance with gadolinium evidenced bone marrow infiltration and a bone infarct. Given these findings, a body CT scan was performed which showed multiple mesenteric adenopathies and a large retroperitoneal mass. A lymph node biopsy confirmed a B cell lymphoma. Monoarthritis with no systemic manifestations represents a highly uncommon form of presentation of lymphoma. Moreover it usually affects inferior limbs, particularly in the presence of bone infarction.

Pyrexia of unknown origin with neutropenia, cervical lymphadenopathy, pneumonia and marrow hypoplasia.

A 56 years adult male presented with fever for 3 weeks with neutropenia and cervical lymphadenopathy with left sided pneumonitis. Histopathology of lymphnode was consistent with Kikuchi's Necrotizing Lymphadenitis. Kikuchi's disease is usually a self- limiting illness characterized by pyrexia, neutropenia and cervical lymphadenopathy in young women of Asian decent. This often leads to the misdiagnosis of lymphoma or tuberculosis. The notable feature here is an older male presented with severe neutropenia and pneumonia with hypoplastic marrow.

Multiple constitutional aetiological factors in bone marrow failure syndrome (BMFS) patients from north India.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: A large number of patients diagnosed with bone marrow failure syndromes (BMFS), comprising aplastic anaemia (AA) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), remain aetiologically uncharacterized worldover, especially in resource constrained set up. We carried out this study to identify a few constitutional causes in BMFS patients attending a tertiary care hospital in north India. METHODS: Peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures were performed (with and without clastogens) in a cohort of 135 consecutive BMFS patients, in order to detect Fanconi anaemia (FA), Down's syndrome (+21), trisomy 8 (+8) and monosomy 7 (-7). RESULTS: Constitutional factors were detected in 17 (12.6%) patients. FA defect was observed in 24.07 percent (13/54), 16.66 percent (1/6) and 2.85 percent (1/35) paediatric aplastic anaemia, paediatric MDS and adult MDS patients respectively. Down's syndrome was detected in 5.00 percent (2/40) adult aplastic anaemia patients. None of the patients revealed trisomy 8 or monosomy 7. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSION: Presence of an underlying factor determines appropriate management, prognostication, family screening and genetic counselling of BMFS patients. Special tests required to confirm or exclude constitutional aetiological factors are not available to majority of the patients in our country. Diepoxybutane (DEB) test yielded better results than mitomycin C (MMC) test in our experience.

Bone marrow abnormalities in HIV disease.

Bone marrow abnormalities are frequently observed in HIV infected individuals at all stages of the disease. The most common abnormal finding is dysplasia affecting one or more cell lines. Erythroid dysplasia is the most common type of dysplasia and is recognized in over 50% of HIV infected patients, abnormal granulocytic and megakaryocytic development is encountered in one-third of patients. Plasma cells are strikingly increased in bone marrow of HIV infected patients. It may represent a physiological response to antigenic stimulation by viruses, other infective agents or secondary to dysregulated B-cell proliferation due to HIV. Herein we present a review discussing the various bone marrow abnormalities associated with the HIV disease.

Study of bone marrow abnormalities in patients with HIV disease.

AIM: Present work was carried out to study the bone marrow abnormalities in patients with HIV/AIDS and to find their association with peripheral hematological abnormalities. METHODS: Seventy four patients of HIV/AIDS were included in the study. The patients had anemia, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia or pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO) as indications for bone marrow examination. A complete blood count, relevant biochemical investigations, HIV RNA load and CD4 positive lymphocyte counts were done, besides a thorough history and clinical examination. HIV positive patients were classified as those having AIDS and those without AIDS according to NACO criteria. RESULTS: Majority of patients (72.9%) had AIDS. Bone marrow was normocellular in 78.95% of non-AIDS and 74.55% of AIDS, hypocellular in 5.26% of non-AIDS and 7.27% of AIDS, hypercellular in 15.79% of non-AIDS and 18.18 % of AIDS patients. Myelodysplasia was present in 21.05% of non AIDS and 36.46% of AIDS and the most common series affected was granulocytic (15.79% of total in non-AIDS and 30.9% in AIDS). Dysplasia was statistically significantly associated with lower CD4 count (p = 0.031) and anemia (p = 0.013). Myelodysplasia was apparent even before patients developed anemia (16.67%). Increased plasma cells in bone marrow were observed in 57.89% of non-AIDS and 65.45% of AIDS, whereas decreased lymphoid cells were seen in 36.84% of non AIDS and 60.00% of AIDS patients. CONCLUSIONS: Myelodysplasia is found in 32.43% of cases of HIV/AIDS and is more common in AIDS than in non AIDS patients. Granulocytic series is most commonly associated with evidence of dysplasia. Myelodysplasia is more common in patients with CD4 count < 200/microl and in patients with anemia. 54.05% of patients had decreased lymphoid cells in bone marrow and it was more commonly seen in AIDS than in non AIDS.

Granulomas in bone marrow--a study of fourteen cases.

Granulomas in bone marrow are an infrequent finding and several diseases are associated with granuloma formation. Clinicopathological details of fourteen cases showing granulomas in bone marrow were studied. Fever was the commonest clinical presentation and anaemia was seen in all cases. Only one case showed epithelioid cells in the bone marrow aspirate smear while trephine biopsy was diagnostic in all cases. Granulomas were seen mainly in the paratrabecular space. Acid fast bacilli were demonstrated in five biopsies and serological test for Human Immunodeficiency virus was positive in five cases. Tuberculosis was more common in the present study as compared to others, probably due to the endemicity of tuberculosis in this region. Bone marrow biopsy is useful in the investigation of pyrexia of unknown origin as it leads to an aetiological diagnosis in most cases.

Citomorfología de médula ósea en pacientes con SIDA / Bone marrow cytomorphology in patients with AIDS

El objetivo de éste estudio fue analizar las características citomorfológicas de la médula ósea de pacientes con SIDA y correlacionarlas con las alteraciones hematológicas periféricas. Se incluyeron 29 pacientes en quienes el aspirado de médula ósea se realizó con las técnicas habituales y el hemograma se efectuó en el mismo momento. Los motivos de petición del aspirado medular fueron: citopenias (58 por ciento), fiebre de origen desconocido (38 por ciento) e investigación de patología tumoral (4 por ciento). El 92 por ciento de los pacientes presentó citopenias: anemia (52 por ciento), trombocitopenia (4 por ciento), bicitopenia (16 por ciento) y pancitopenia (28 por ciento). Un caso mostró fibrosis medular y no pudo ser evaluado. En los casos restantes, se constató celularidad medular normal (64 por ciento) o aumentada (36 por ciento). La relación mieloide/eritroide (M/E) fue: disminuida (46 por ciento), normal (36 por ciento) o aumentada (18 por ciento). Las principales anomalías citomorfológicas fueron: diseritropoyesis con rasgos megaloblásticos (63 por ciento), disgranulopoyesis con asincronismo madurativo entre núcleo y citoplasma, hipo/hipergranularidad y desviación a la derecha (48 por ciento) y distrombopoyesis con megacariocitos hipolobulados o núcleos desnudos de megacariocitos (41 por ciento). Además, se constató aumento de células plasmáticas (39 por ciento, algunas con morfología anormal), de eosinófilos (14 por ciento), de linfocitos (11 por ciento) y presencia de células tipo Gaucher. Las citopenias estuvieron asociadas a una médula ósea normo o hipercelular y la anemia a una meyor frecuencia de displasia eritroide. En 6/28 pacientes (21 por ciento), la médula ósea proporcionó diagnóstico morfológico. En conclusión, los hallazgos realizados indican que, si bien algunas anomalías citomorfológicas de la médula ósea no son específicas, determinados rasgos morfológicos podrían sugerir infección por VIH

Hipoplasia medular associada ao uso de metotrexato, em baixas doses, no lúpus eritematoso sistêmico / Medular hypoplasia related to low doses of methotrexate in systemic lupus erythematosus

A hipoplasia de medula óssea é um efeito colateral incomum do uso de maetotrexato (MTX), em baixas doses, na artrite reumatóide (AR). Fatores de risco para essa complicação são: Hipoalbuminemia, queda do clearance de creatinina, alcoolismo, idade avançada e uso de certas drogas, como a ranitidina ou sulfametoxazol-trimetoprim. Os autores não encontraram relatos desse efeito adverso no lúpus eritematoso sistêmico e apresentam um caso de hipoplasia de medula óssea em paciente com LES em atividade, que estava sendo tratado com baixas doses de MTX. Discutem, também, os fatores de risco para essa complicação

Manifestaciones hematológicas en la infección por VIH / Hematologic manifestations of HIV infection

Las manifestaciones hematológicas en la infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana son floridas, ya que esta patología ha adquirido particular relevancia en los últimos años por el aumento en la frecuencia de su presentación. Se analizan las distintas formas de compromiso hematológico, así como las indicaciones para la realización de estudios invasivos : biopsia de médula ósea y biopsia ganglionar

pattern of bone marrow infiltration in non-hodgkin's lymphomas

The pattern of bone marrow infiltration in 40 consecutive cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas [NHLs] having marrow involvement is presented. For histological break-up, working formulation of NHLs was used. Low grade NHLs [50%] were the commonest, followed by intermediate [32.5%] and high grade NHLs [17.5%], respectively. Histologically small lymphocytic type [32.5%] was the commonest, followed by diffuse small cleaved cell [15%] type; follicle small cleaved cell, diffuse mixed small and large cell as well as lymphoblastic types were equally frequent [12.5% each]. Other histological types were less common. The pattern of infiltration of the bone marrow was diffuse in 76.7% of intermediate, 70% of low and 100% of high grade NHLs. It was focal random [non-paratrabecular] in 15% of low grade and 15.4% of intermediate grade NHLs. Focal paratrabecular pattern was evident in 15% of low grade and 7.7% of intermediate grade NHLs